Microtunneling is a process that uses a remotely controlled Microtunnel Boring Machine (MTBM) combined with the pipe jacking technique to directly install product pipelines underground in a single pass. This process avoids the need to have long stretches of open trench for pipe laying, which causes extreme disruption to the community. In the U.S., microtunneling has been used to install pipe from twelve inches to twelve feet in diameter. Therefore, the definition for microtunneling in the U.S. does not necessarily include size. Microtunneling has evolved in the US to describe a tunneling process where the workforce does not routinely work in the tunnel. Microtunneling is currently the most accurate pipeline installation method. Line and grade tolerances of one inch are the microtunneling industry standard. This can be extremely important when trying to install a new pipeline in an area where a maze of underground utility lines already exists.
Microtunneling was developed by the Japanese in the early 1970’s to replace open sewers in urban areas with underground gravity sewers. The first microtunneling project in the U.S. occurred in south Florida in 1984.This was a 600 foot crossing with 72″ pipe under I 95 and the FEC Railroad. Although originally designed for gravity sewer construction, microtunneling installations include underground crossings of highways, railroads, runways, rivers, and environmentally sensitive areas for a variety of utilities. This process has also been used to install plant intakes and outfalls. Microtunneling is also used in the pipe arch technique of supporting large underground openings with an arch or roof made up of small tunnels.
In the recent years, the microtunneling techniques in China has been developed very fast. Many difficult technique problems have been overcome, which previews a bright future of microtunneling.